IS WORK OVER?

Automation index

How much of a Bookbinder’s job can AI already do?

A trim and a groove come earlier. Sewing, casing in and getting the book to open do not.

This percentage does not predict how many people will lose their jobs.

Task comparison

Bookbinder

Where the time goes

Task weights are our estimates based on O*NET frequency data, not time shares published by O*NET.

The time saving for each task is estimated separately.

TaskShareAIPoints
Trim, gather and prepare sections.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%32%+5.1
Sew, glue, groove and case in.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

18%18%+3.2
Restore spines, endpapers and damaged copies.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

18%22%+4
Die-cut, foil and special finishes.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%28%+4.5
Commissions, quotes and the client.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%36%+5.8
Materials, times and a book that lasts.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%14%+2.2
Total100%25%

Modelled workweek: 100% · Public evidence: 0% · Estimate: 100% · Confidence: Low

Skills and activities

  • bind books
  • sew sections
  • groove spines
  • case in boards
  • restore books
  • foil stamp
  • guillotine
  • glue

Sources for this job· O*NET 51-5113.00· ESCO/ISCO 7323

Tram driver

Where the time goes

Task weights are our estimates based on O*NET frequency data, not time shares published by O*NET.

The time saving for each task is estimated separately.

TaskShareAIPoints
Checks, log and the cab.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%32%+5.1
Drive, stops and the pedestrian who steps out.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

24%8%+1.9
Badly parked car, calls and Control.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%22%+3.5
Timetable, reliefs and rush hour.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

16%28%+4.5
The tourist, the bike and not over-hooting.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

14%18%+2.5
Hit nobody, and make the terminus.
Estimate

No public source provides a precise figure. This is our estimate.

14%12%+1.7
Total100%19%

Modelled workweek: 100% · Public evidence: 0% · Estimate: 100% · Confidence: Low

Skills and activities

  • drive trams
  • urban stops
  • pedestrians
  • badly parked cars
  • Control
  • rush hour
  • cab checks
  • terminus

Sources for this job· O*NET 53-4041.00· ESCO/ISCO 8311

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